Set at Hillman College, A fictitious, historically Black college in the South, the series began focusing on the college experiences of sophomore Denise Huxtable (Lisa Bonet)-- one of the four daughters featured on The Cosby Show.  Denise's attempts to address life away from her family's upper-middle-class nest and her relationships with her roommates typically fueled the plot of each episode. One of those roommates, Jaleesa Vinson (Dawn Lewis), was a young divorcee who considered Denise to be something of a spoiled snob.  Another roommate, Maggie Lauten (Marisa Tomei), was one of the few white students of the mostly Black campus; for her, as it was for much of the show's audience, Hillman was indeed “a different world.” Other recurring characters were added throughout the course of the first season: Whitley Gilbert (Jasmine Guy) was a rich southern belle, Dwayne Wayne (Kadeem Hardison) was a fast-talking but studious New Yorker,  Ron Johnson (Darryl Bell) was Dwayne’s scheming sidekick, and Warren Oates (Sinbad) was the dorm director and gym teacher. Bonet and her character, Denise, left the show after the first season because of Bonet’s real-life pregnancy.

Despite dismal initial reviews, A Different World capitalized from its Thursday at 8:30P.M. time slot on NBC–between The Cosby Show and the ever-popular sitcom Cheers–and finished second in the ratings of its first season. The show and its creative staff were revamped for the second season, leading to third- and fourth-place finishes for the 1988-89 and 1989-90 seasons, respectively. among black viewers, the show consistently ranked first or second throughout most of its run. 

As The Hollywood Reporter noted, the series was transformed “from a bland Cosby spin-off into a lively, socially responsible, ensemble situation comedy” only after Debbie Allen took over as producer-director following the first season. Allen, a prominent Black dancer, choreographer, and actress– and a graduate of historically Black Howard University– drew from her college experiences in an effort to reflect accurately in the show the social and political life on black campuses. Moreover, Alan instituted a yearly spring trip to Atlanta, Georgia, where series writers visited two of the nation's leading Black colleges, Morehouse and Spelman. During these visits, ideas for several of the episodes emerged from meetings with students and faculty. Perhaps symbolizing the show's transformation between the first and second seasons, “the queen of soul”, Aretha Franklin, was chosen in season two to replace Phoebe Snow as vocalist for the title theme.

During Allen's tenure, casting changes also transformed the look and feel of the series. several new characters were added, while certain characters from the first season were featured more prominently in order to add some spice. A cafeteria cook, Mr. Gaines (Lou Meyers), was added to give the series a flavor of southern Culture.  a hard-working, pre-medical student, Kim Reese (Charnele Brown), Was also introduced as a foil for Whitley; she worked for Mr Gaines in the cafeteria and eventually found herself caught in an on-again, off-again romantic relationship with Ron, one of the original characters. Similarly, Dwayne became entangled in a love-hate relationship with Whitley. Their eventual marriage became a major event in the storyline. Other new characters included Col. Taylor (Glynn Turman), the campus ROTC commander;  Freddie Brooks (Cree Summer), and environmental activist with metaphysical leanings;  Terrence Taylor (Cory Tyler),  the son of Col. Tayler; and Lena James (Jada Pinkett), a feisty freshman from a Baltimore, Maryland, housing project. Each new season brought an incoming class of freshmen and new featured characters. In short, following the departure of Bonet’s characterAfter the first season, the series became a true ensemble situation comedy.

A Different World is also notable for its attempts to explore a range of social and political issues rarely addressed on television– let alone in situation comedies. featured characters regularly confronted tough controversial topics as unplanned pregnancy, date rape, racial discrimination, aids, and the 1992 Los Angeles uprising. Many observers also commended the series for extolling the virtues of higher education for African American youth at a time when many Black communities were in crisis. 

In the final analysis, A Different World  might be best remembered for its cultural vibrancy, its commitment to showcasing black history, music, dance, fashion, and attitude. this quality, no doubt, was due in large measure to the closeness of the series’ creative staff to the material: the series featured a black woman as producer-director (Allen), another as head writer (Susan Fales), and several other people of color ( male and female) in key creative positions. Few series in the history of television can claim a comparable level of black representation in key decision-making positions.